產(chǎn)品名稱：Progranulin ELISA 產(chǎn) 地：Demeditec 產(chǎn)品貨號(hào)：DEE0103 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格：96 Tests 產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明： Special remarks: INTENDED USE Measurement of human Progranulin in human Serum and Plasma Sample INTRODUCTION Progranulin is also known as Granulin Epithelin Precursor, Proepithelin or Acrogranin. It is a 68.5 kDa protein, consisting of 593 amino acids (inclusive Signalpeptid), which appears in vivo in strongly glycosylated form and therefore has a size of approximately 90 kDa. Progranulin has seven conserved domains, which are separated by linker sequences. By means of proteolytic cleavage, catalyzed by serine proteases like e.g. elastase, 6-25 kDa large fragments result, that are called Granulines or Epithelines. Progranulin is expressed and secreted in particular in strongly proliferating tissues such as adenoid tissue, spleen, skin epithelium, gastrointestinal mucous membranes, haematopoietic cells and in tumor cells. Until now no specific receptors, which would obtain the effect of Progranulin or the Granulines are known. Progranulin seems to be a factor, which affects the wound healing positively. In case of skin lesions the expression is increased in ceratinocytes, in macrophages and in neutrophile cells. Progranulin affects the wound healing indirectly by activation of macrophages and stimulation of angiogenesis in the damaged tissue. The physiological effects of Progranulin and Granulines are oppositional. Progranulin can restrain TNF? mediated proinflammatory processes. On the other hand the Granulines seem to stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The influence of Progranulin on inflammatory processes could be shown also in arteriosclerotic plaques. Here Progranulin is expressed by smooth muscle cells and affects the migration of monocytes and smooth muscle cells. In the central nervous system Progranulin is expressed in microglia and neurons (in neocortical and hippocampal pyramid cells as well as in purkinje cells in the cerebellum). On mRNA level a clear increase of Progranulin expression could be shown during infections or injuries of the CNS, for example in mucopolysaccharidosis type I and IIIB, in viral inflammations of CNS, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in Alzheimer's disease. Beyond that Progranulin seems to be of relevance in the development of sex specific differences during pre- and postnatal development and also for the neural plasticity in *****s. Progranulin and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) 5-10 % of all dementias are of the frontotemporal form. A mutation in the gene for Progranulin (PGRN) could be shown in 5-10 % of the patients suffering FTD. Nearly all pathological mutations lead to a premature transcription interruption and to rapid degradation of the mutated mRNA. This results in a PGRN haploinsufficiency with clearly decreased Progranulin concentrations in serum. Due to these results several studies were accomplished, in order to clarify the suitability of Progranulin as marker for the PRGN dependent frontotemporal dementia. The results of these studies show that Progranulin can detect already presymptomatically a FTD. Due to the missing standardisation and the use of different antibodies in the commercially available test systems cut off value must be evaluated for each assay separately. Progranulin and Adiposity Inflammatory processes are often increased in case of adiposity and type 2 diabetes, which is reflected by e.g. in the increase of the C-reactive Protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g. IL-6. Youn et al. compared different groups of patients and have shown that the plasma concentration of Progranulin is significantly (1.4-fold) increased in type 2 diabetics compared to glucose-tolerant patients. The authors refer in particular to the positive correlation of the Progranulin concentration to the volume of the visceral adipose tissue. On the other hand no difference between slim and subcutaneous adipose patients has been detected in this study. For this reason the increase of the Progranulin concentration may reflect the body distribution of adipose tissue and thus represent a biomarker for visceral adipose tissue. The Demeditec Progranulin ELISA DEE0103 is based on monoclonal antibodies, which detect with high specificity only Progranulin and not the single Granulines. Thus, a tool is available for the further investigation and validation of Progranulin as a biomarker for the visceral adipose tissue. 上海玉博生物技術(shù)有限公司在為生命科學(xué)領(lǐng)域提供豐富的產(chǎn)品與信息資源方面處于國(guó)內(nèi)**地位，公司提供的產(chǎn)品涵蓋了二十多個(gè)國(guó)家近五十萬(wàn)種產(chǎn)品，而且產(chǎn)品的數(shù)量與信息在不斷的增長(zhǎng)和更新，公司提供的產(chǎn)品能夠使生命科學(xué)工作者加快對(duì)生物化學(xué)，分子生物學(xué)，細(xì)胞生物學(xué)以及蛋白質(zhì)組學(xué)研究的認(rèn)知，以及分子診斷和臨床醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。
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